When data in a database is read or modified, the database engine uses special types of controls, called locks, to maintain integrity in the database. Locks basically work by making sure database records involved in a transaction cannot be modified by other transactions until the first transaction has committed, ensuring database consistency.
When designing database applications, you should keep in mind the different types of locks that will be issued, and the different levels of isolation your transactions will occur. Typically, the SQL Server defaults work fine for what you are trying to accomplish. However, there will be times when it is advantageous to manually make hints to how locks are issued on your tables in your SQL statements.
If you've worked with SQL Server databases for any amount of time, it's practically a given that you've run into slow running queries. Sometimes the reason for the slow response time is due to the load on the system, and other times it is because the query is not written to perform as efficiently as possible (I find this reason much more common). Learn how you may be able to improve performance by knowing what to look for in your query designs.